Study Reveals ChatGPT Lowers Brain Engagement and Learning: A new study from MIT’s Media Lab raises alarms about how ChatGPT and generative AI may harm users’ critical thinking and learning. Researchers tested 54 participants aged 18 to 39 from Boston, dividing them into three groups.
Each group wrote SAT-style essays using either ChatGPT, Google Search, or no tools. Brain activity was tracked using EEG during the tasks. The group using ChatGPT showed the lowest levels of neural engagement, creativity, and effort.
AI Essays Show Poor Quality and “Soulless” Writing
Lead researcher Nataliya Kosmyna stressed the importance of releasing these findings quickly. She warned against rushing AI into early education due to its negative impact.
Teachers described essays written with ChatGPT as unoriginal and lacking soul. Brain scans showed low activity in areas responsible for memory, creativity, and meaning-making.
Participants writing without AI had the highest brain connectivity and engagement. Those using Google Search also performed well and felt more satisfied.
ChatGPT Use Linked to Shallow Learning and Memory Loss
When asked to rewrite essays without AI, ChatGPT users struggled to recall their own work. Their brain activity remained weak, indicating shallow learning.
However, participants who first wrote essays independently and later used AI showed improved brain function. This suggests AI may help learning if used after building foundational thinking skills.
Broader Concerns for Programming and Cognitive Health
Kosmyna’s team is now exploring AI’s effects on programming skills. Early results hint at even greater cognitive decline in these areas.
Experts like psychiatrist Dr. Zishan Khan warn that overdependence on AI risks weakening memory, resilience, and overall brain development, especially in youth.
Growing Use of AI Calls for Caution and Regulation
Ironically, many online summaries of this study were created using AI tools themselves. The research highlights risks of shallow thinking tied to heavy AI use.
As AI becomes more common in education and work, the study urges careful evaluation, legislation, and thoughtful integration.
What This Means for Students and Educators
While AI can offer useful support, overreliance may harm critical thinking and creativity. Users should focus on developing core skills before turning to AI help.
Educators and policymakers must balance AI’s benefits with its risks to protect long-term cognitive health.
