Optional Practical Training (OPT) offers international students on an F-1 visa a chance to work in the U.S. for up to 12 months. The work must relate directly to their field of study. OPT can be used before graduation (pre-completion) or after (post-completion). However, any pre-completion OPT reduces the time available after finishing school.
Who Qualifies for OPT and How Does It Work?
To qualify, students must complete one academic year at an SEVP-certified college or university. Pre-completion OPT allows part-time work (up to 20 hours per week) during school terms and full-time during breaks. Post-completion OPT requires at least 20 hours of work weekly, either part-time or full-time.
How Pre-Completion OPT Affects Post-Completion Time
OPT time counts cumulatively. For example, one year of part-time pre-completion OPT equals six months of full-time post-completion OPT lost. Using a full year of full-time pre-completion OPT means no post-completion OPT time remains.
STEM Graduates Can Apply for a 24-Month OPT Extension
Students with degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics (STEM) may be eligible for an extra 24 months of OPT. To qualify, they must have an initial post-completion OPT approval, work for an E-Verify employer, and hold a STEM degree listed on the official program list.
How to Apply for the STEM OPT Extension
Applicants must work with their Designated School Official (DSO) to update their Form I-20 and SEVIS record. Next, they file Form I-765 with USCIS and pay the required fee. Work authorization begins only after receiving the Employment Authorization Document (EAD).
New DHS Rule Extends EAD Renewal to 540 Days
Starting January 13, 2025, the Department of Homeland Security extended the automatic EAD renewal period from 180 to 540 days. This helps students avoid work interruptions caused by delays in processing their renewal applications.
What International Students Should Keep in Mind
OPT offers valuable work experience but requires careful planning. Using pre-completion OPT affects post-completion eligibility. STEM students should check eligibility early and apply promptly. The new DHS rule offers greater job security during EAD renewals.
Summary
For international students aiming to gain U.S. work experience, understanding OPT rules is essential. Staying informed about eligibility, application steps, and recent changes can help maximize this important opportunity. Reach out to your school’s DSO for guidance throughout the process.
